Opis
Road Accident Victim Transboundary Protection System
autor: Dorota Maśniak
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Development of motorization going hand in hand with elimination of internal market boundaries causes a significant increase of transboundary road accidents. Such accidents force the need to create an effective system of institutional victim protection.
This monograph is the result of a systematic approach. It was created with the interests of protecting victims of road accidents, done so by overcoming interdisciplinary barriers. Those which exist between law and economics. As well as those between law and management. Compensation for such accidents should be correlated to prevention. It is important to perceive the complementary role of road safety to the ex post financing of the cost of road accidents.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Chapter I. Road accident risk management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1. Road safety as public safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.1. Tra& c components as road safety determinants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1.2. “Engineering” road safety determinants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.3. “Human” safety determinant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.3.1. Types of anti-victimisation attitude of road users . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.3.2. e impact of victimisation approaches on safety . . . . . . . . . . . 24
1.3.3. e legal measures empowering
anti-victimisation approaches among EU citizens . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2. Road accident risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.1. De# nition of risk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.2. Risk management model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
2.3. Risk assessment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
2.4. Risk control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
2.5. Risk # nancing and administering the risk management program . . . . . . 47
3. Legal methods of risk management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.1. Legal provisions harmonisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
3.2. Obligation to insure as an instrument of protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
3.3. Road accidents in the light of economic analysis of law . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
3.4. “Weighing” the victim protection
in the interest of motor vehicles holders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Chapter II. Internalisation of road accidents costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
1. Pricing methods of the human life value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
1.1. Classi# cation of methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
1.2. Human capital approach . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
1.3. e method of willingness to pay (value of a statistical life) . . . . . . . . . 78
1.4. Recovery method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
1.5. Risk – risk analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
2. e cost structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
2.1. Cost classi# cation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
2.2. Costs of road tra& c safety measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
2.3. Property damages costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
2.4. Administration costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
2.5. Lost output (loss of income) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
2.6. Medical costs and (or) funeral costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
2.7. e costs of non-pecuniary damages (human costs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
3. Road accidents costs pricing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
3.1. Cost pricing methodology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
3.2. Damages to person classi# cation – proper database . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
3.3. Long-lasting e” ects of road accidents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
Chapter III. Institutional road accident victims protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
1. Legal character and way of # nancing of the institutions aiming
at road accident victims protection caused by
a vehicle registered in another Member State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
1.1. Legal character and way of # nancing of the national bureaus . . . . . . . . 141
1.2. Legal character of the correspondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
2. Legal character and way of # nancing of the institutions aiming
at foreign road accident victims protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
2.1. Legal character and way of # nancing
of the representatives for claims . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
2.2. Legal character of the compensation bodies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
2.3. Legal character, scope of operations
and way of # nancing of the information centres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
3. e central body as an expression of integrating
the road accident victim protection system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
4. Guarantee institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
4.1. Legal character of guarantee institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
4.2. Guarantee institutions as insurers of last resort –
the scope of competence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
4.3. e method of guarantee institutions # nancing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
5. e role of public social security institutions and health care . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Literature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
Opinie
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