The New Face of the World Trade Organization

Opis

The New Face of the World Trade Organization

Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego

Autor: Renata Orłowska, Krystyna Żołądkiewicz

 

This book is an attempt to draw attention to the significance of the WTO in international economic diplomacy. It fills a gap among publications on the multilateral trading system, and it addresses tendencies and challenges confronting the functioning of the WTO. The content makes the book unique and special. Its goal is to provide a new approach to economic and business studies. It should assist those who deal in the international market to enhance their knowledge of the WTO’s competencies and the multilateral trading system.

Among the expected outcomes of reading this book is learning about the interplay between multilateral trading systems and trade policy objectives. This knowledge will help the readers address an international trading environment’s requirements, indispensable for current or future operating business people. It will enhance their expertise in the terminology used in international trade, the basic principles, rules, and procedures of the multilateral trading system, and the results of trade negotiations and Ministerial Conferences. The book’s structure reflects this pattern.

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Abbreviations .  . 11

Introduction . . . 17

Chapter 1

Overview of international economic diplomacy . .. 23

1.1. Definition . .. 23

1.2. Importance of international economic diplomacy . . 27

1.3. Main players . .29

1.4. Economic diplomacy versus commercial diplomacy . . . 32

Chapter 2

Literature review on the background

of the multilateral trading system . .  . 37

2.1. Economic rationale for free trade policies . . 37

2.2. Rationale for trade intervention policies . . 45

Chapter 3

Introduction to the World Trade Organization . .. 55

3.1. Motivation behind the World Trade Organization . 55

3.2. History of the World Trade Organization . .. 58

3.2.1. Post-World War II consensus:

Political security through economic security .. 58

3.2.2. From the General Agreement

of Trade and Tariffs to the World Trade Organization .  60

The new face of the W 8 orld Trade Organization

3.3. Overview of the World Trade Organization . . 62

3.4. The General Agreement of Trade and Tariffs

versus the World Trade Organization .  . 64

Chapter 4

Characteristics of the World Trade Organization . . . 67

4.1. The World Trade Organization’s institutional

and legal framework . .. . 67

4.2. Decision-making . . .  . 72

4.3. Budget . . .  74

4.4. Accession to the World Trade Organization .  74

Chapter 5

Principles . .. . 83

5.1. Non-discrimination .  84

5.2. Reciprocity . .  . 86

5.3. Transparency . .  . 87

5.4. Accountability: Enforceable commitments . . . 89

5.5. Flexibility . . 91

5.6. Post scriptum . .. . 92

Chapter 6

Dispute settlement . .. 95

6.1. The Dispute Settlement Body and the Appellate Body . . 95

6.2. Dispute settlements in numbers . . . . 99

6.3. Dispute settlement procedure . .102

6.4. Post scriptum .  . 107

Chapter 7

Multilateral trade negotiations . . . 111

7.1. General description of negotiating rounds . .. 111

7.2. Early multilateral trade negotiations .  116

7.3. From the Dillon Round to the Tokyo Round .117

7.4. The Uruguay Round . . 119

7.5. The Doha Round . .  . 122

Chapter 8

The World Trade Organization Ministerial Conferences . . 127

8.1. Overview of the Ministerial Conferences . .127

8.2. Ministerial Conferences 1996–2001 .  129

8.3. Ministerial Conferences 2001–2011 . .. 132

8.4. Ministerial Conferences 2011–2021 . . 136

Chapter 9

The Trade Facilitation Agreement . .  . 143

9.1. Trade facilitation – overview . .  143

9.2. History of the Trade Facilitation Agreement . . 145

9.3. The Trade Facilitation Agreement’s implementation process . 146

9.4. The Trade Facilitation Agreement Facility donors .  . 154

Chapter 10

Development: Aid for Trade . 157

10.1. Genesis of the idea .  . 157

10.2. Aid for Trade concept and task force . 159

10.3. Aid for Trade work programme . .. 163

10.4. Aid for Trade logical monitoring framework . . 164

10.5. Aid for Trade global flows . .. 166

Chapter 11

Some current issues . .. . 177

11.1. Unfinished business and room for improvement . . 177

11.2. The World Trade Organization under COVID-19 . .. 186

Annexes . .  193

Annex 1. The World Trade Organization Agreement –

list of Annexes . . . 193

Annex 2. Previous General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

and World Trade Organization Directors-General . . 195

Annex 3. World Trade Organization members

as of the 29th of July 2016, with accession dates  196

Annex 4. Average bound and applied tariffs

of selected World Trade Organization members, in % . 202

The new face of the W 10 orld Trade Organization

Annex 5. World Trade Organization members

that have ratified the Trade Facilitation Agreement . 204

Annex 6. The World Trade Organization

and Sustainable Development Goals . . 210

References . . 215

List of boxes . .  . 230

List of figures . .  . 231

List of tables . . . 232